<div class="page-hero-kicker">A public-records investigation · Arkansas · 2026</div> # Arkansas Data Centers Wiki <p class="page-hero-tagline">Who pays for the new generation — Arkansas residential ratepayers, or the hyperscale customers driving the demand?</p> <div class="page-hero-meta"> <span>~$50B announced</span> <span>6 hyperscale sites</span> <span>13 FOIA requests</span> <span>Current to 2026-06-10</span> </div> This wiki documents Arkansas's hyperscale data center buildout — approximately **$50 billion in announced investment**, with AVAIO's Project Leo alone projected at $21 billion and 1 gigawatt of electrical demand (about 5% of state generating capacity). It covers the Act 548 of 2025 tax-exemption framework, the Entergy Arkansas rate case (APSC Docket 26-001-U), the Generating Arkansas Jobs Act rider that has begun charging every Entergy retail customer for new generation, and the cooling-water, air-permitting, and property-tax regimes governing each site. Every page is compiled from FOIA productions and publicly-docketed regulatory filings — and every claim traces to a named document. <div class="front-kicker">The numbers the record shows</div> <div class="stat-band"> <div class="stat"><span class="st-num">$109.98M</span><span class="st-label">2026 GAJA rider charged to all 738,836 retail customers</span><span class="st-src">Order No. 7 · 26-008-TF · 06/04</span></div> <div class="stat"><span class="st-num">$5.74/mo</span><span class="st-label">added to a typical residential bill for generation not yet built</span><span class="st-src">Rate Schedule 73 · Doc 78</span></div> <div class="stat"><span class="st-num">94,893</span><span class="st-label">Entergy customer disconnections in 2025</span><span class="st-src">EAL Order No. 6 response · Doc 76</span></div> <div class="stat"><span class="st-num">41</span><span class="st-label">permanent jobs at the three plants ratepayers are funding</span><span class="st-src">EAL Order No. 6 response · Doc 76</span></div> </div> The Commission approved the first GAJA annual update on June 4, 2026 — [[2026-06 APSC Order No. 7 Approves the GAJA Rider Annual Update|Order No. 7]] kept the contested [[Ironwood]] turbine in the rider and held that Act 373 leaves the Commission no authority over how Entergy finances the construction customers are paying for. In the Google contract docket, the Commission rejected Entergy's payment treatment as one that would "benefit EAL and Google, not EAL's other customers," forced a life-of-asset amortization — and recorded that the deal "was presented as a fait accompli" ([[2025-12 APSC Approves the Google SRC and Rejects the Payment Treatment|Order No. 9]], [[2026-01 Order No. 11 Forces Life-of-Asset Amortization of the Google Payments|Order No. 11]]). Entergy reports **"publicly disclosed contributions: None"** from any third party toward the three plants ([[Entergy Order No. 6 Response]]); whatever the hyperscale customers pay sits in sealed filings. That asymmetry — the cost is public, the offset is sealed — is the investigation's central documented finding. See [[Who Pays for Entergy's New Generation]]. <div class="front-kicker">The docket ahead</div> <div class="decision-board"> <div class="db-row is-imminent"><span class="db-date">Jun 12</span><span class="db-what">DEE/DEQ pre-permitting supplemental INGESTED (78 files) — AVAIO's email to the Commerce Secretary documents the Entergy ESA's mandatory-curtailment terms (150 h/yr; "Without this provision, Entergy would not have supplied any power"); no record names the shell-LLC principals</span><span class="db-who">DEE/DEQ</span></div> <div class="db-row is-imminent"><span class="db-date">Jun 23</span><span class="db-what">Pulaski County Planning Board meets — the five referred data-center measures are NOT on the posted agenda</span><span class="db-who">Planning Board</span></div> <div class="db-row"><span class="db-date">Jul 13</span><span class="db-what">Citizen-organized public information meeting on the Serverfarm data center, Clarksville, 7:30 p.m.</span><span class="db-who">Clarksville</span></div> <div class="db-row"><span class="db-date">Jul 14</span><span class="db-what">Quorum Court motion to advance the refiled (Griffen-drafted) moratorium — postponed 8–5 on June 9; expert special meeting first</span><span class="db-who">Quorum Court</span></div> <div class="db-row"><span class="db-date">Aug 5</span><span class="db-what">Staff and intervenor direct testimony in the Entergy base rate case — the cost-allocation contest opens</span><span class="db-who">APSC 26-001-U</span></div> <div class="db-row"><span class="db-date">Oct 20</span><span class="db-what">Public comment hearing on the rate case, Batesville — on-the-record public participation</span><span class="db-who">APSC 26-001-U</span></div> <div class="db-row"><span class="db-date">Oct 27</span><span class="db-what">Public comment hearing on the rate case, El Dorado</span><span class="db-who">APSC 26-001-U</span></div> <div class="db-row"><span class="db-date">Nov 3</span><span class="db-what">General election — Pulaski County Judge (chairs the Quorum Court; controls Planning Board appointments)</span><span class="db-who">Voters</span></div> <div class="db-row"><span class="db-date">Nov 4–5</span><span class="db-what">Rate-case evidentiary hearing before the full Commission</span><span class="db-who">APSC 26-001-U</span></div> <div class="db-row"><span class="db-date">Mar 2027</span><span class="db-what">The next GAJA annual update — first with the court-ordered five-year bill-impact projections and Independent-Monitor questioning</span><span class="db-who">APSC 26-008-TF</span></div> </div> <div class="front-kicker">The six sites</div> <div class="site-grid"> <div class="site-card"><div class="sc-locale"><span>Pulaski Co. · 145th St, Little Rock</span><span>"Project Leo"</span></div><p class="sc-name"><a href="/wiki/orgs/AVAIO+Digital+Partners" class="internal-link">AVAIO Project Leo</a></p><span class="sc-scale">~$21B · 1 GW · under construction</span><p class="sc-status">Site work began Dec 2025. Record title still in Arnett Construction; no air permit; the cooling-water source for 1 GW of wet cooling is still unnamed in any public record.</p></div> <div class="site-card"><div class="sc-locale"><span>Crittenden Co. · West Memphis</span><span>"Project Pyramid"</span></div><p class="sc-name"><a href="/wiki/orgs/GROOT+LLC" class="internal-link">Google Project Pyramid</a></p><span class="sc-scale">238 diesel gensets · 60 cooling towers</span><p class="sc-status">The confirmed-Google site. Title V air permit 2507-AOP-R0 issued — the first Tier-1 measure of its scale (<a href="/wiki/sources/deq/seek-pds-data-center-permits-2026-06-08/Project+Pyramid+Title+V+Air+Permit+(2507-AOP-R0)" class="internal-link">permit</a>). Wet cooling confirmed; water source unnamed.</p></div> <div class="site-card"><div class="sc-locale"><span>Faulkner Co. · Conway</span><span>"Project Stratus"</span></div><p class="sc-name"><a href="/wiki/synthesis/The+Conway+Data+Center+Project" class="internal-link">Conway / Forgelight Ventures</a></p><span class="sc-scale">1 GW design · ~456 ac annexed + rezoned</span><p class="sc-status">Approved 8–0 in three weeks (April 2025). Treated-effluent cooling engineering under way; 65%/30-yr PILOT committed; the developer's principal is unidentified (<a href="/wiki/tensions/T003+-+Shell-LLC+Principal+Attribution+for+Forgelight+and+Willowbend" class="internal-link">T003</a>).</p></div> <div class="site-card"><div class="sc-locale"><span>Pulaski Co. · Port of Little Rock</span><span>"Project Boar"</span></div><p class="sc-name"><a href="/wiki/synthesis/The+Port+of+Little+Rock+Data+Center" class="internal-link">Port of Little Rock / Willowbend</a></p><span class="sc-scale">383.52 ac · $11.5M conveyance</span><p class="sc-status">Deed runs to Willowbend Capital; Google's own project site now says "we have purchased land at the Port of Little Rock" (Apr 2026). "A number of permits still need to be filed" — Little Rock's June 2026 ordinance governs the site.</p></div> <div class="site-card"><div class="sc-locale"><span>Johnson Co. · Clarksville</span><span>SF ARK1</span></div><p class="sc-name"><a href="/wiki/orgs/Serverfarm" class="internal-link">Serverfarm</a></p><span class="sc-scale">announced</span><p class="sc-status">No SEEK/PDS permit footprint as of June 2026 — the site exists in the state environmental databases only as a "Complaint Site" with zero documents.</p></div> <div class="site-card"><div class="sc-locale"><span>Clark Co. · Gum Springs</span><span>"Project Pulse"</span></div><p class="sc-name"><a href="/wiki/concepts/Project+Pulse" class="internal-link">Project Pulse</a></p><span class="sc-scale">stalled</span><p class="sc-status">Contract terminated early May 2026; the county economic-development corporation holds $50k earnest money and reports no data centers looking to build.</p></div> </div> ## Investigation thesis The buildout's electrical demand requires substantial new generation. Cost allocation among customer classes — residential, commercial, industrial, and the new hyperscale loads — is decided at the APSC. The Act 548 framework exempts data-center equipment *and electricity* from sales tax. Act 9 PILOT agreements abate the property tax. The GAJA rider socializes new-generation cost across all retail customers while the hyperscale customers' offsetting payments stay sealed. Together, these mechanisms can shift the marginal cost of new generation onto residential and small-commercial ratepayers — *unless* the proceedings now on the calendar allocate that cost to the customers driving it. The wiki documents what the records show about how cost is being allocated, what host communities are being compensated, and what the permitting regime requires. ## What's here **13 Arkansas FOIA requests** across state agencies, county offices, municipalities, and quasi-public bodies; **ten Tier-1 FOIA productions ingested** from eight custodians (Crittenden County Assessor, Department of Agriculture, Pulaski County government ×3, City of Conway, Conway Corporation, Little Rock Port Authority, and DEE/DEQ's SEEK + PDS permit records plus its item-6 pre-permitting correspondence supplemental) plus **fourteen APSC docket retrievals across eight dockets**; **440+ wiki pages**; **four tensions** and **six dialectics** adjudicating the contested questions under the Karpathy-Hegelion methodology. The wiki is current to **2026-06-12**. ## Browse - **People** — APSC commissioners ([[Doyle Webb]], [[Justin Tate]], [[Katie Anderson]]), Entergy executives ([[Laura R. Landreaux]], [[J. David Palmer]], [[Matthew S. Klucher]]), the Wilson Sonsini shell officers ([[Michael Montfort]], [[David Thomas]]), county officials ([[Barry Hyde]], [[Terri Hollingsworth]], [[Hamilton Kemp]]), the 15 Pulaski JPs ([[Pulaski County Quorum Court Directory|directory]]), Conway's project network ([[Bart Castleberry]], [[Brett Carroll]], [[Jamie Gates]]), and the FOIA correspondents at every agency. - **Organizations** — [[Arkansas Economic Development Commission]], [[Arkansas Public Service Commission]], [[Arkansas Department of Energy and Environment]], [[Entergy Arkansas]], [[AVAIO Digital Partners]], [[Google LLC]] and its land shells ([[Altitude Capital, LLC]], [[GROOT LLC]], [[GDH Holdings Inc.]]), the Montfort nominee cluster ([[Forgelight Ventures, LLC]], [[Willowbend Capital, LLC]], [[Spark Innovations, LLC]]), [[Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati]], [[Conway Corporation]], [[Little Rock Port Authority]]. - **Concepts** — [[Generating Arkansas Jobs Act (GAJA) rider]], [[Strategic Investment]], [[Act 548 (2025)]], [[Act 9 Industrial Revenue Bond]], [[Cost-of-service study]], [[Special rate contract]], [[Large-Load Cost-Allocation Comparators]], [[Tupelo Bayou Treated-Effluent Cooling]], [[Sparta Aquifer]], [[Water-Use Registration]], [[Pulaski County Zoning and Land-Use Authority]], [[Arkansas Data Centers Act of 2023 (Act 851) and 2024 Amendments]]. - **Events** — the datable record from 2024-02 (the first 145th Street site plan) through 2026-06 ([[2026-06 APSC Order No. 7 Approves the GAJA Rider Annual Update|Order No. 7]], [[2026-06 Little Rock City Board Adopts Data-Center Regulations Ordinance|the Little Rock ordinance]], [[2026-06 Arkansas Energy and Environment Produces Data-Center Permit Records|the DEE/DEQ production]]), including every FOIA response event. - **Sources** — per-document pages under `wiki/sources/<agency>/<production>/`, mirroring the immutable raw corpus: nine FOIA productions plus fourteen APSC docket retrievals across eight dockets (the base rate case 26-001-U, the GAJA rider 26-008-TF through [[Order No. 7 Approving the GAJA Annual Update|Order No. 7]], the three CECPNs — Ironwood 24-072-U, Jefferson 25-047-U, Cypress 25-054-U — the Google/Altitude SRC docket 25-055-P, the Hybar SRC 23-025-P, and the LPHLDS tariff 22-032-TF). - **Tensions** — contested questions as first-class objects: [[T001 - CIAC Classification of Google Generation Payments|T001]] (*resolved* — Orders No. 9/11: the stipulated Google-payment treatment was rejected and a life-of-asset amortization forced; amounts still sealed), [[T002 - Ironwood Strategic Investment Designation Requirement|T002]] (*resolved-via-Order-No-7*, 2026-06-04), [[T003 - Shell-LLC Principal Attribution for Forgelight and Willowbend|T003]] (*bracketed* — a documented multi-state Google-linked nominee apparatus; principal unidentified, though Google's own project site now claims the Port land purchase first-person), [[T004 - Did the Pulaski County Data-Center Moratorium Pass|T004]] (*resolved* — it did not pass). - **Dialectics** — six three-phase, call-isolated Hegelian arguments: [[D001 Synthesis|D001]] (CIAC), [[D002 Synthesis|D002]] + [[D004 Synthesis|D004]] (Ironwood designation), [[D003 Synthesis|D003]] + [[D005 Synthesis|D005]] + [[D006 Synthesis|D006]] (shell attribution — restraint upheld three times). - **Synthesis** — the narrative essays (see the [[README|synthesis index]]): [[Who Pays for Entergy's New Generation]], [[Where the Buildout Remains Contingent]] (the decision-point map), [[The Conway Data Center Project]], [[The Port of Little Rock Data Center]], [[Pulaski County's Attempt to Regulate Data Centers]], [[Documentary Minimization in the Arkansas Data-Center Record]], [[Identifying the Unnamed Cooling-Water Data Centers]]. ## FOIA status | Custodian | Status as of 2026-06-12 | |---|---| | AEDC | **Silent** — past the § 25-19-107 final-demand window (EOB 06-08); enforcement teed up. The key remaining custodian for shell-principal identification. | | APSC (records FOIA) | **Silent** — past the final-demand window. | | DFA | **Silent** — past the final-demand window. | | DEE/DEQ | **Produced 06-08** (self-service SEEK + PDS → 58 Tier-1 records) **+ item-6 supplemental delivered 06-11, ingested 06-12** (78 files — the [[AVAIO Tier 4 Equivalent Email to the Commerce Secretary|AVAIO ESA-curtailment email]], the 10/30/25 pre-app, the Groot pre-draft file, the Project Boar § 401 track). | | Office of the Governor | Blanket § 25-19-105(b)(7) withholding (2026-05-21); appeal not yet filed. | | City of Little Rock (Project Boar) | **No response** — statutory deadline passed 2026-05-28. | | Little Rock Regional Chamber | **No production** — the Project Boar NDA holder; § 25-19-105(e) window ran 2026-05-29. | | Produced & ingested | Crittenden County Assessor · Dept. of Agriculture · Pulaski County (planning file, Clerk #26-341, Planning & Development) · City of Conway · Conway Corporation · Little Rock Port Authority. | ## Reference - [[About This Wiki]] · [[How to Read This Wiki]] · [[Methodology]] · [[License]] ## Methodology Every claim on every page traces to a raw source document. Wiki pages are LLM-compiled artifacts — **useful for navigation and synthesis, but never citeable as primary evidence**. The wiki does not provide regulatory, investment, legal, or environmental-engineering advice; it documents what the records show. See [[Methodology]] for the full Karpathy-Hegelion Pipeline — the persistent-compilation layer over an immutable raw corpus, and the call-isolated three-phase dialectics used to adjudicate contested mechanisms. ## Compiler The wiki is compiled by **Joshua Dunlap**, an Arkansas citizen FOIA requester.